Dracula and the gothic horror genre Essay Example

Dracula and the gothic frightfulness type Essay Gothic frightfulness is accepted to have been designed by the man Harrance Walpole in the year 1974, gothic ghastliness is the conviction of dimness, vampires and the typical qualities, for example, werewolves and so on gothic repulsiveness highlights could likewise be recorded as otherworldly the capacity to accomplish something else unusual on the off chance that you like a gothic loathsomeness story you would hope to be set in a dull spot ordinarily trees with the wailing of the werewolves paving the way to the enormous cliché castle.The two characters we meet in the opening of the novel Dracula are Jonathan Harker and the man him self Dracula they are both depicted I accept to fit the gothic awfulness type. The creator Bram stoker has accomplished this by showing Jonathan Harker as a state-of-the-art and current man he doesnt live in the ages and he doesnt convey strange notions and past convictions we have proof of this when Jonathan Harker remains in the inn in Bristrits in Ro mania with the transport loaded with cross dialects and characters and while glancing through his solid and steady language interpreter finds the words villain and malice these are the two most significant words when identifying with the gothic ghastliness genre..Jonathan Harker has solid convictions in new advancements and especially believes them he is additionally a sorted out man we know this on the grounds that toward the start of the play when Jonathan Harker is sent on his excursion to meet the include in Transylvania he goes to the library or historical center as it is referenced and searches for data on the spot, for some odd reason the spot Transylvania is puzzling and obscure making a considerably greater impression towards the gothic frightfulness classification. Jonathan Harker likewise gets ready more than expected on the grounds that he is going to meet an honorable man a man of class and pride this shows Jonathan harker has confidence in the division of classes.He ad ditionally when visiting places remarks on the food as we probably am aware in light of the fact that he remarks on the paprika in the inn in Bristrits he likewise remarks on apparel and the convenience, Jonathan likewise feels awkward when taking belongings from individuals I got on this when the old woman from the inn demands him to remain however he differs and the old woman answers with the endowment of a cross jewelry yet he doesnt need to be impolite so he takes her gift.He likewise keeps a diary in short hand and as I referenced before he remarks on things, climate he prefers them or not this shows he has exclusive requirements this implying he endeavors to succeed.When Jonathan Harker sets about his excursion from the east toward the west (London to Transylvania) he is leaving his solaces, his social psyche and his residential delight. He is leaving civilisation he has no maps no overviews he is wandering into the obscure and puzzling area called Transylvania. Jonathan harke r is not, at this point safe by laws and rules he is in with the creatures he is remaining in a fierce, threatening and hazardous scene called his settlement which I am certain won't satisfy his elevated standards. Jonathan Harker is an exceptionally cliché man and puts stock in his assets however his extravagant composing aptitudes and opulent manner of speaking won't be took with a lot of regard out in this dim land. At the point when he shows up at the stronghold to meet the vapid and dead man we know as Dracula,Dracula says something, cautioning against disposing of the old for the new this carries me to my next point that the remarks Jonathan harker had been hearing on his excursion about the villain and abhorrence have not yet worked out as Jonathan Harker says the light and the glow and the checks respectful greeting appeared to have disseminated questions and fears. Dracula has an exceptionally solid and particular physical appearance he isn't the cliché man like Jonathan Harker. Dracula talks in a very respectful yet old manner route as he says words like nay Johonathan Harker likewise sees that he has not one spot of shading about him and furthermore identifies with his facial highlights, for example, his nose which he calls angular and he additionally discusses his temple being grand significance large, these are for the most part normal indications of intensity and knowledge, for example, the brow being huge which is intended to be expanded reasoning force and the authoritive nose makes a feeling of control over individuals, likewise may marginally threaten individuals as they dont need to concentrate on such a formed face.Draculas first words to Johonathan Harker are the accompanying greeting to my home enter unreservedly and at your own will. This being a feeling of appreciation and superbness however then being over controlled by the enter at your own will as though there were something to be frightened of. When Johonathan Harker first contact s the tally to shake his hand he sees the chilliness and says in the novel he was as cold as ice more like a dead man than a living one. This is the principal feeling of uncertainty that Johonathan Harker has about Dracula.It is evident that Bram stokers abilities as an essayist have paid off on the grounds that he has depicted two clearly various characters to make a sentiment of uncertainty making Dracula not to be what he seems.Bram Stockers play was set in the Victorian occasions the territory of the particular classes as we probably am aware and furthermore Bram Stoker decided to set his play in the gothic exciting spot called Transylvania this was unusual in light of the fact that back in the Victorian occasions individuals didnt think a lot about Transylvania implying that Bram Stoker could accomplish the feeling of danger and obscurity he needed. The château was a lot of cliché and the hour of day and setting where ideal for the attack of the gothic frightfulness type dull when Johonathan Harker was moving toward the palace and the clamors outside the lodging (the werewolves). The climate that Johonathan Harker encounters is likewise particularly part of the gothic ghastliness kind blustery and rainy.In the novel Dracula Bram stoker attempts to make the sentiment of anticipation almost the whole way through the manner in which he does this by making Johonathan Harker have pony and truck rides were the driver will for reasons unknown stop and furthermore Bram Stoker containers tension by sending a man of new advancements into a world with none and sending him into an obscure land. The elderly people ladies giving him across additionally brings up issues this is actually what Bram Stocker is attempting to accomplish the climate that Bram Stoker expounds on is very nerve raking and curious. This at long last starts to cause Jonathon Harker and the perusers to feel unsecure.In end I feel that Bram Stokers Dracula satisfies the shows of the gothic awfulne ss type to an ideal and elevated requirement as it has all the cliché parts of the gothic ghastliness sort.

The History of Engineering Education in the United States free essay sample

A glance at the improvement of building instruction and its impact on society. In this paper the creator takes a top to bottom gander at the historical backdrop of building instruction and the ways that designing, and building schools, keep on improving life. The creator explores why building schools started to expect more noteworthy significance in the second 50% of the nineteenth century in the United States and thinks about the authentic setting of designing and designing training. From the paper: As people groups comprehension of the manners by which the physical world is built expanded after some time, designing built up various sub-handle that tended to the different issues innate in various materials and various applications. In this way built up the conventional four essential building regions: common, mechanical, electrical, and concoction. After some time explicit instructive projects would create to prepare designs in every one of these sub-fields.

The Importance Of Preparing For The SSAT With Middle Level Essay Samples

The Importance Of Preparing For The SSAT With Middle Level Essay SamplesThere are a number of different types of SSAT middle level essay samples that you can work with. In this article I will briefly discuss some of the different types of essay samples that you might encounter as you begin your preparation for your test.Generally, when people start their prep for the SAT they seek out the help of a tutor or two, as many schools require that students bring their parents or guardians to take the exam with them. The SSAT is no different in this regard. You can find a lot of different types of essay samples that you can use in your essay writing sessions with a tutor or test-preparation guide.Although most of these papers will be helpful for general research purposes, some of them will also need to contain examples. Generally, you'll find that these examples will include a few key subjects, which will usually all fall under one section of the essay. Some of the main areas that you can fi nd the examples include:These types of papers will be particularly helpful to students who are looking to improve their admissions officers and interviews with particular aspects of the essay. Obviously the essay is going to be based on a lot of criteria, including the grades that you've received at the end of the year, but it is very common for college officials to want a good understanding of what is actually going on in the students' lives.The first example, you should look for is an example of an essay that is very comprehensive, but doesn't focus too much on the overall composition of the essay. Normally, students will try to write as simply as possible and this may not always be the best approach. The first example that you should look for is one that has enough information to be able to explain how a student plans their course of action.The second example that you should seek is one that have a comprehensive piece but does not concentrate too much on the middle level of the e ssay. This can be an excellent example of a middle level example and as such, you should probably be looking for these papers over others. One example of this type of paper would be one that has quite a bit of background information, but also includes the idea of using connections to guide the direction of the rest of the essay.For the third example, you should generally be looking for a middle level example that is focused on the types of answers that you will be using. Typically, when people are preparing for the SAT they find that it is better to make the essay as simple as possible, as this enables them to become more familiar with the pieces, as well as providing them with examples that are easily understood.Keep these examples in mind as you continue to prepare for the SSAT and other SAT middle level essay samples. It is important that you will be able to use them in a way that will help you fully understand the essay writing process.

What Is An American - 1384 Words

What is an American? America, one of the largest and most famous countries in the world. Mainly the most known for allowing freedom. The United States of America is one of the only countries in the world that permits equal rights for men and women. It is the only country in the world made out of many different countries and religions. America contains more than 300 million people, and  ¾ of the population are immigrants. Immigrants are people who were born in different countries who migrate to new ones.  ¼ of the American population was born here. I am part  ¼ population. The United States has many names (USA, America, United States, The United States of America), however, one of the names that it s mostly referred to by other countries is, Melting Pot. A melting Pot isn t really a name, however it s a reference. Basically the melting pot refers to America as Melting Pot of Cultures. The United States is a country of immigrants. It’s a place where people from all over the world come to bui ld a better life. Some immigrants bring their families. The real question is, what is an American? Like what makes an American what they are? What IS America? There actually is many things that makes someone living in the USA, an American and things that MADE the USA what it is today. Certain things like : Mixed cultures, great ancestors, and the american dream. To start off, let’s begin with a question, â€Å"What is an american?† Basically, an American isn t a person from a specificShow MoreRelatedWhat Is An American?1040 Words   |  5 PagesThe Question of â€Å"What is an American?† can be answered in many ways depending on the person you’re talking to. Over time, technology and people have changed drastically. From the big sail boats the pilgrims used to cross the seas to the huge freight ships that travel ridiculous amounts of miles used today. But through all of the advancements that we’ve seen over the years, one thing has stayed in place and that is perseverance. There are always those people who get the job done when it needs to beRead MoreWhat Is an American2973 Words   |  12 PagesAmerican writings have portrayed numerous ideologies of what it means to be an American and these ideals have transcended throughout time and can clearly be depicted by the major influential literary aspirants from each century. The one thing that remains the same is that it has always been a struggle to forge a truly American identity given the fact that our nation is one of immigrants. These early works reached the level of literature, as in the robust and perhaps truthful account of his adventuresRead More What Is An American Essay1650 Words   |  7 Pagesquestion; What is an American. This country is full of individuals of many backgrounds, and diversities and each person has a different opinion on this question. In my opinion, an American is someone who values freedom and equality and pursues the American dream. Every America n exercises these rights and these are great adjectives to describe our country. Each of the seven readings, and the one image I compiled help mold this broader definition into a more precise description of an American. RobertRead MoreWhat Is The American Dream?942 Words   |  4 PagesIf asked the question, â€Å" What is the American Dream?†, many people would have a variety of answers. It may depend on many factors including, how one has been raised, their age, socioeconomic factors, and ethnicity. There have been so many changes in our country over the years from the 1900’s until now including wars, racial beliefs and family structures which led to an array of definitions of the American Dream. An American Dream can be different for each person. It can be about many factors as weRead More What an American Is Essays976 Words   |  4 PagesWhat an American Is Webster?s Dictionary defines American as or its inhabitants. But is that all America and an American truly is? Is a person American simply because of geography? According to Identities, ?America is a confluence of cultures.? Americans are people whose lives depict men and women who are trying to be as successful and robust as possible, this quest is symbolic to citizens of many other countries. This is why America illustrates the Statue of Liberty, a structure thatRead MoreWhat Is The American Dream?1407 Words   |  6 Pages What is the American Dream? If you ask anyone they will provide you with all types of answers, from making a successful life for one to wishing and hoping that America changes and grows as a whole. Personally I believe that the American Dream is the idea that was put in my head as a small child by parents and the other adults around. For me, this was the motion that in the beginning it’s as simple as going to school and make A’s so that I can be accepted into a good college, and then you must workRead MoreWhat Makes An American?791 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is an American? One may say an American is just someone who gets to live free in America, but it is so much more than that. at American is not just a single person but instead it’s everyone as a whole. It’s not who we are as a person but who we are supposed to want to be. An American is everything beautiful. When I think of America I can’t help but think of the song by Katharine Bates, â€Å"America! America! God shed his grace on thee And crown the good with brotherhood From sea to shining seaRead MoreWhat It Means to Be American954 Words   |  4 PagesAmericans strongly affirm the principles of religious freedom, religious tolerance, and separation of church and state. Nearly 9-in-10 (88 percent) Americans agree that America was founded on the idea of religious freedom for everyone, including religious groups that are unpopular. Ninety-five percent of Americans agree that all religious books should be treated with respect even if we don’t share the religious beliefs of those who use them. Nearly two-thirds (66 percent) of Americans agree thatRead MoreWhat Is an American Essay933 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is an American Introduction Although the present day American is a totally a different person, at the close of the Revolutionary War the same individual was a European immigrant impacted by the nature of the American continent. In St. Jean de Crevecoeur’s perspective, an American is a race that results from a mixture of Swedes, Dutch, French, Irish, Scotch, and Englishmen (48). This race consists of unique type of people who are not governed by laws as strict as they experienced in EuropeRead MoreWhat Is The American Dream?895 Words   |  4 PagesSince the very first steps taken on American soil, people have dreamt of pursuing the American dream. What is the American dream? Many people believe that the American dream can’t be defined in one simple sentence. To some people the American dream means getting a new car and to others a new home, but for many Americans it has a deeper meaning. As we have seen, equality has been a struggle from the beginning; but it has led to the liberty within the co untry. The accomplishments that have been made

Temperature Definition Chemistry Glossary

Temperature is the property of matter which reflects the quantity of energy of motion of the component particles. It is a comparative measure of how hot or cold a material is. The coldest theoretical temperature is called absolute zero. It is the temperature where the thermal motion of particles is at its minimum (not the same as motionless). Absolute zero is 0 K on the Kelvin scale,  Ã¢Ë†â€™273.15 C on the Celsius scale, and −459.67 F on the Fahrenheit scale. The instrument used to measure temperature is a thermometer. The International System of Units (SI) unit of temperature is the Kelvin (K), although other temperature scales are more commonly used for everyday situations. Temperature may be described using the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics and the kinetic theory of gases. Temperature Scales There are several scales used to measure temperature. Three of the most common are  Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit. Temperature scales may be relative or absolute. A relative scale is based on the kinetic behavior relative to a certain material. Relative scales are degree scales. Both the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales are relative scales based on the freezing point (or triple point) of water and its boiling point, but the size of their degrees are different from each other. The Kelvin scale is an absolute scale, which has no degrees. The Kelvin scale is based on thermodynamics and not on the property of any specific material. The Rankine scale is another absolute temperature scale.

Independence and the Development of the American Identity...

During the 1800s, we find the theme of independence, or freedom from outside constraints, in the development of two different frontiers. We find it in the American West through Manifest Destiny, freedom from caste, and in the chance that homesteaders had to acquire virtually free land. We find independence in math through in the building of stronger theoretical foundations, non-Euclidean geometries, and Cantors infinities. Independence involves breaking from the commonly accepted, traditional views in order to explore the new. It is not necessarily individual people working alone. We can see independence in a community of thought as well as in the work of a single person. Independence is an important part of the Western culture as†¦show more content†¦In the 1880s, Hulda Rocell and her daughter Mary emigrated from Sweden to the United States. Abe Lincoln had just been shot. Mr. Rocell had to stay in Sweden because of his tuberculosis. Nevertheless, Mr. Rocell said, Go to the United States. It is strong enough that Lincolns assassination will not plummet the nation into chaos. Although he did not place this optimism under the title of Manifest Destiny, the idea that the United States is strong, and will continue despite opposition, is a part of this concept. Hulda married, and her family settled in a sod house in northern Minnesota. Her husband showed independence and determination for the family to survive by planting fruit trees on the farm. It was highly unusual to attempt to plant fruit trees that far north. The familys independent spirit, and courage was a vital part of surviving in the harsh conditions they encountered. In 1881, there was a terrible blizzard. The snow was so high that it covered the fence posts. Father tied a rope around his waist and the porch post to tend the animals in a nearby shed, so that he would not get lost in the blizzard. However, many neighbors froze to death right outside their own front doors. During the storm, the wind blew the door of the sod house open. The younger children got in the trundle bed to keep warm, while the parents and older children shoveled snow out of the house for the rest of the day, so that they could shut the

Land Law Act

Question: Write an essay on Land Law? Answer: Introduction Part six of the Registration Act 1925, deals with The Register and The Registration. The matters covered in this Act are the finality of registration, the register, boundaries, and quality title, land certificates and using information. Requirements of a registrable disposition, duty to disclose superseding interests, changes in the register and procedure followed before the Registrar are not included in this Act. Register According to the said Act, a register shall be maintained. Rules mentioned about how a register is to be maintained. Specifically, rules are made about the information that is to be kept in the register, its arrangement and its form. This loom allows suppleness to change the way a register is kept. The changes do not require legislation. Proprietorship of Registration According to Clause 58(1), of the Land Registration Act 1925 if a person registers himself as a proprietor of the land and enters his name as such in the Register, then such person is not considered as the owner of the property. Ownership of the land is the result of such registration proceeded[3]. Registration is deemed to be complete when application for registration is made. Many countries maintain a cadastre which means land-holding record. This record is used for monetary purposes and under this system; limitations are often examined with a defined level of accuracy. Since there are different advances on land proprietorship this system was rejected in England and Wales. People relied on the boundaries general rule which is stated in Rule 278 of the Land Registration Rules (Abella v. Rodriguez). Title Part 3 of the said Act deals with the title after registration is completed. The registrar does not register the property with absolute title. The registrar can register the property with ownership title or household title. The Land Registration Act, 1925, provided legislation for upgrading titles. Clause 62 of the Act is a replication of the same provisions with some changes. Certain conditions are to be met before the Registrar upgrades the title of ownership after registration. A person who has interest in the title of the property, a mortgagee who has possession of the property and a person who is not a proprietor but is permitted to register are the persons who are entitled to apply for upgrading of a title. Upgrading Title Effects The Land Registration Act 1925 does not specify direct consequence of the advancing title. A conclusion is drawn depending on the facts and circumstances. However, the Act states the manner to formulate the upgrading of title easier to comprehend. Uses of Register According to Clause 64 of Land Registration Act, 1925 new power is created. One of the important aims of the Act is to create a organization of conveyance in which name can be investigated online via computer. The following instances can make a title defective: A person who looks like a owner but is not a real owner and the owner had limited powers but made a nature that he has no authority to make[7]. There is another kind of fault in title. This form is not included in the Registration Act. There are other ways of investigation conducted beyond the Registration System [8]. This defect in title is created during the itinerary of possession of property and it makes the title ineffective. However, there are only few situations of such kind that causes defect in the title. Some example of defects are where a rent is directed to a right of re admission due to breach of agreement, where a freehold is matter of rent incriminate, the incriminate is supported by re entry right and the freeh older has made default to pay the rent. There may be situations that are not met and consequently, because of the defective conditions the registered estate is terminated. Clause 64(1), states that if it appears to the Registrar that the right to decide ownership in a particular land has become usable then he may make entry of the details in the register. Information Assessment The nationwide process of registration of land was first established in Wales and English under the Land Registration Act, 1862. The traditional method of registration proved futile and following further attempts, the modern structure of registration had come into effect by the Land Registration Act, 1925. Meanwhile, many countries had made registration compulsory. The last registration order was completed in the year 1990. The Land Registration Act 2002 foliage the 1925 traditional system of registration nevertheless allows the foreword of the electronic signatures and electronic conveyancing to register and transfer property. The land registry is linked with Land Information Service in Europe. Particulars of registration are made available to any person on payment of agreed fees. Recently, defensive procedures are introduced for identification of the persons. No particulars will be on record for evidence, which does not have a proper recorded transaction. A legal frontier deals with division of ownership of land. It is an imperceptible boundary separating one persons property from the other. Though there may not be a defined boundary yet an approximate division is always visible on the Register of the land. Assessment of information means the capability of obtaining information from the register is an essential feature to the system of registration. Having easy and open access to information contained in the Register helps in fast conveyancing. The Act contains a number of rules, which deals with easy use of information contained in the Register. The most recurrently occurring type of incongruity with regard to real estate is disputes relating to land. Cases differ from illegitimate land occupancy until illegal sale of land. Issues affect the real estate market with illegality. E registration has streamlined registration of immovable properties. E registration ha simplified registration of immovable properties. The online registration system effectively cured all the underlying problems and loopholes in the traditional system of registration. E registration provides more transparency in the registration process. The Land Registration Act of 1925 has also altered the traditional system of registration. Section 112 of the Land Registration Act is considered as one of the most important sections. The preceding Land Registration Act of 1925 substituted this section. The Act of 1988 created a open register. Prior to this, the Registrar could only inspect a register or by an authorized person. Section 112 has included fundamental changes in the land registration system. First, of all it provided a facilitator for electronic conveyancing. A open register is a very important feature to the process of conveyancing in which examination on designate can be made online by direct access without requiring the permission of the registered proprietor (Fojas v. Grey). Secondly, the prologue of this section has changed the discernment of the register itself. The contents of a register are not considered a private matter pertinent to the conveyancing parties. The contents of the Register are now considered as public information about land having open access can be used by anyone with matters relatin g to conveyancing. Clause 66 Land Registration Act, 1925 is replaced by section 112. According to the Section a person may examine or create copies of the title of the register, any other document which is kept by the registrar relating to the application made by him and cautions to be resorted to against first registration. The right that endowed in Clause 66(1) goes ahead of what can be done under Section 112 of the Act of 1925 in the following aspects: Firstly, the register was not a public document. There were number of restrictions imposed on the right to access the register. This was done to protect private information. Secondly, an application was to be submitted to the registrar to inspect and copy any document. At present, such papers can be examined only at the prudence of the Registrar. Thirdly, the register of title is a open register. At present, since registration are maintained in index maps, there is a right to search the index map and to obtain copies of the title. The Land Registration Act, 2002 was introduced in response to the Law Commissionand HM Land Registry report,Land Registration for the Twenty-first Century(2001).The Act: The Land Registration Act, 2002, has introduced the new system by means of electronic signatures to register immovable property online. Example if a piece of land is passed on for generations to generations and the current owner wants to determine the current value of the land. The determination can be made easier by using a more transparent process of document verification and disclosure of details. E registration has provided a much-desired transparency. The fees of a broker is definitely reduced because of e registration. However, a broker is still required to give advice on the investment proposition and to arbitrate between the parties to negotiate the price. The land registration application can be submitted online and after completion of verification by the authorized person, the land is registered. E registration is a safe process. Hackers do not have access to the papers that only owners can procure. The SSL encrypted multiple layers of security which is not easy to hack the customers details. In cases such as Fitzwilliam V. Richall Services Ltd. and Swift 1st ltd v. Chief Land Registrar. In the cases mentioned here fraud was committed at the time of registration. Fraud had become one of the major issue at the time when the Land Registration Act was amended. E registration gives transparency to the whole system of registration. In the case of Strand Securities V. Casewell it was decided that the fundamental object to form the Land Registration Act, 2002 was to protect the interests of the person who gets proprietorship after registration is complete. In case of any discrepancy, inquiry will be conducted on the premises. The right of the owner will not be diminished. Therefore, it is the duty of the purchaser to conduct proper inquiry before purchasing a land. The main objective of the Act was to provide titles and evidence of ownership. Individuals who become landowner may also apply online for registration of unregistered land. Limitations According to Section 66(2), of the Land Registration Act, 1925 endowns the right to inspect and obtain a copy as conferred by clause 66(1) is subject to limitations and rules. The rules may be subject to exceptions . It is probable that regulations will limit access to documents that may be receptive in nature. Official Copies Section 113, of the Land Registration Act 1925, deals with official copies. However, there is not a clear definition that is provided for the term office copies. Office copies are kept on paper record having the Land Registry Water mark and are certified accurate. The Act abandoned the term office copies and employed the word official copy to the Act. An official copy is deemed as admissible evidence having similar significance as the copy. Rules are stated about issuance of official copies, the form of office copies, the application for office copies and the situations to be met by the applicant for obtaining an official copy, which included payment of fees. The Act states that a person who applies for a official copy in which a mistake is made then the other person shall not be liable for the mistake made. Section 118 has the same effect as in section 110(4) o f the Land Registration Act, 1925. However, in order to make adjustment in the open register it goes beyond than section 110 (4). Therefore, electronic conveyancing saves times. It saves time of both the organisers as well as the participants. Online registration is free and has effective customer support. Online registration ensures that the person will have access to all the necessary information. Online registration is a very safe and secure method of registration. It is not easy to hack the registration process. Issues and Facts: The Works, a small derelict engineering factory was viewed and later purchased by Frank, who was an artist. Frank therefore wanted to convert the said property into a studio for his own use. After viewing the said property Frank thought that the movable properties that he saw while viewing the property, was included in the valuation of the whole property. The items being: an antique light fitting that hung from an iron bracket which was secured to an wall of the factory by a dozen of screws, a pile o rusting lengths of steel which was left lying in the storeroom, an old substantial timber outbuilding that stood on stone pillars but was otherwise unattached to the land and a furnace which was constructed of stone, steel and cast iron which was held to the ground by its own weight. But when he took the possession of the property, he found that none of the attachments that he thought was included in the property were there. Relevant rules and procedures: A transfer of property is made valid only when there is a transfer of possession from one person to another as defined by the law in the transfer of property act. A moveable property can be transferred from one place to another whereas in case of an immoveable property it cannot be transferred from one person to another causing loss to the property relying on the nature of the property. As per law, immoveable property includes things attached to the land or earth. As in the case of Marshall vs. Green, according to the mentioned case, which deals with the judgment whether the trees that are attached to the ground is a moveable or immoveable property. The judgment thus given was that, if the intention of the seller was to cut the tree in the property and remove it on a given time, then the tree will be treated as a moveable property, whereas if the tree is kept and is grown to produce fruits then it will be treated as an immoveable property as it would then seek nourishment from the la nd. Thus things which are attached to the earth or land are immoveable property. Application: As the judgment to the William Brown vs. Nikki Robert case suggests, a tree in a property is a movable property if it is cut off within a given period of time but will become an immovable property as soon as it is kept for growing fruits and providing shelter. As per the case given in the question, Frank was entitled to get the things which were attached to the ground or land or to the earth along with the property which he had bought from The Works which was a small derelict engineering factory. It had a few attachments fixed alongside the property. Amongst which there was an antique light bracket which hung from a bracket which was fitted with a dozen of screws along with a pile of steel rod which was kept in the storeroom were completely movable properties, and thus Frank was not entitled to get the movable properties that he found in the property while viewing it. On the contrary, Frank was entitled to get the things which were attached to the land like the furnace which was made up of stone, cast iron and steel that was attached to the land. But as Frank gained the possession of the said property, he found that all the things that he found while viewing the particular property were missing which he thought to be included in the valuat ion of the property. In the case of Michale Johnson vs. Mathew Parker it was held that Johnson had bought the property from Parker in which there was a tree which grew in the middle of the property and it was not cut down by the seller of the property within the given time, henceforth the tree was remained attached to the ground and as the possession of the property was transferred, to the buyer that is, Mathew got the possession of the property. Similarly, considering the fact of the above mentioned case Frank could seek the properties attached to the land that is the furnace which was made up of stone, steel and cast iron which was held to the floor by its own weight. The rest things which Frank saw in the property while viewing it were not attached to the ground and were thus he was not entitled to get possession to those items. Frank could have got the possession to those items had it been written in the contract between the parties. Conclusion: Thus concluding from the above-mentioned cases and their judgments, Frank was entitled to get the possession of the property along with the furnace which was made up of stone, steel and cast iron and which was held to the floor by its own weight. Therefore, had he not got the possession to that particular furnace he could file a petition against The Works, a small derelict engineering factory who sold him the said property which he had bought for setting up his studio. Frank could thus be entitled to get the possession of the property and the items embedded to the land of the said property, but not the items that were not embedded to the land of the property. Refernce List: Agunbiade, M. E., A. Rajabifard, and R. Bennett. "Inter-agency land administration in Australia: what scope for integrating policies, processes and data infrastructures for housing production?."Journal of Spatial Science59.1 (2014): 121-136. Alemie, Berhanu Kefale, Rohan Mark Bennett, and Jaap Zevenbergen. "Evolving urban cadastres in Ethiopia: The impacts on urban land governance."Land Use Policy42 (2015): 695-705. Bennett, Rohan, et al. "On recognizing land administration as critical, public good infrastructure."Land Use Policy30.1 (2013): 84-93. Bennett, Rohan, et al. "The pastoralists parcel: towards better land tenure recognition and climate change response in Kenyas dry lands."FIG Working Week. 2013. Bhandar, Brenna. "by Registration: Instituting Modern Property Law and Creating Racial Value in the Settler Colony."Journal of Law and Society42.2 (2015): 253-282. Carruthers P, Tangled Web Indeed: The English Land Registration Act and Comparisons with the Australian Torrens System, (A UNSWLJ38 2015). Davies C, Conquered, ceded or settled?: the legal history of customary land title in Australia and Wales (2013). Fitzsimons, James A., and C. Ben Carr. "Conservation Covenants on Private Land: Issues with Measuring and Achieving Biodiversity Outcomes in Australia."Environmental management54.3 (2014): 606-616. Furuholt, Bjorn, Fathul Wahid, and Oystein Saebo. "Land Information Systems for Development (LIS4D): A Neglected Area within ICT4D Research?."System Sciences (HICSS), 2015 48th Hawaii International Conference on. IEEE, 2015. Haldrup, Karin, and Erik Stubkjr. "Indicator scarcity on cadastre and land registration in cross-country information sources."Land Use Policy30.1 (2013): 652-664. Home R and Hilary L,Demystifying the Mystery of Capital: Land Tenure Poverty in Africa and the Caribbean. (Routledge, 2013). Jazayeri, Ida, Abbas Rajabifard, and S. A. E. I. D. KALANTARI SOLTANIEH. "3D data sourcing for land and property information: a geometric and semantic perspective." (2013). Jazayeri, Ida, Abbas Rajabifard, and S. A. E. I. D. KALANTARI SOLTANIEH. "3D data sourcing for land and property information: a geometric and semantic perspective." (2013). Juergensmeyer, Julian C., and Thomas E. Roberts. Land Use Planning Development Regulation Law (2013). Land Registration for the Twenty-first Century: A Conveyancing Revolution, Law Commission Report No 271 (9 July 2001). Lees, Emma. "by Registration: Rectification, Indemnity and Mistake and the Land Registration Act 2002."The Modern Law Review76.1 (2013): 62-82. Li, Ming, et al. "The development of cadastral domain model oriented at unified real estate registration of china based on ontology."ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences1 (2012): 209-215. Raff, Murray. "Characteristics of the International Model of Land Title Registration Illuminated by Comparative Study of the German and Torrens Systems."European Property Law Journal1.1 (2012): 54-123. Rajabifard, Abbas, S. A. E. I. D. KALANTARI SOLTANIEH, and IAN WILLIAMSON. "Land and property information in 3D." (2012). Rockson, Georgina, Rohan Bennett, and Liza Groenendijk. "Land administration for food security: A research synthesis."Land Use Policy32 (2013): 337-342. SHOJAEI, DAVOOD, et al. "Development of a 3D ePlan/LandXML visualisation system in Australia." (2012). Shojei D et.al, Development of a 3D ePlan/LandXML visualisation system in Australia (2012). Simmons S, The structure of academic surveying and spatial science programs in Australia and New Zealand as an educational pathway to land surveyor registration (Azimuth 2012). Sinha, Priyakant, and Lalit Kumar. "Binary images in seasonal land-cover change identification: a comparative study in parts of New South Wales, Australia."International journal of remote sensing34.6 (2013): 2162-2186. Wensing Ed et.al, Conflicting worldviews: disjuncture between climate change knowledge, land use planning and disaster resilience in remote Indigenous communities in northern Australia (2014). Zulkifli, Nur Amalina, A. Abdul Rahman, and P. van Oosterom. "Developing 2D and 3D Cadastral Registration System based on LADM: illustrated with Malaysian Cases."Proceedings of the 5 th FIG Land Administration Domain Model Workshop. 2013. Land Registration for the Twenty-first Century: A Conveyancing Revolution, Law Commission Report No 271, 9 July 2001 Land Registration for the Twenty-first Century: A Conveyancing Revolution, Law Commission Report No 271, 9 July 2001 Agunbiade, M. E., A. Rajabifard, and R. Bennett. "Inter-agency land administration in Australia: what scope for integrating policies, processes and data infrastructures for housing production?."Journal of Spatial Science59.1 (2014): 121-136 Juan Carlos Abella v. Argentina, Case 11.137, Report N 55 Furuholt, Bjorn, Fathul Wahid, and Oystein Saebo. "Land Information Systems for Development (LIS4D): A Neglected Area within ICT4D Research?."System Sciences (HICSS), 2015 48th Hawaii International Conference on. IEEE, 2015. Furuholt, Bjorn, Fathul Wahid, and Oystein Saebo. "Land Information Systems for Development (LIS4D): A Neglected Area within ICT4D Research?."System Sciences (HICSS), 2015 48th Hawaii International Conference on. IEEE, 2015. Agunbiade, M. E., A. Rajabifard, and R. Bennett. "Inter-agency land administration in Australia: what scope for integrating policies, processes and data infrastructures for housing production?."Journal of Spatial Science59.1 (2014): 121-136 Land Registration for the Twenty-first Century: A Conveyancing Revolution, Law Commission Report No 271 (9 July 2001). Jazayeri, Ida, Abbas Rajabifard, and S. A. E. I. D. KALANTARI SOLTANIEH. "3D data sourcing for land and property information: a geometric and semantic perspective." (2013). Jazayeri, Ida, Abbas Rajabifard, and S. A. E. I. D. KALANTARI SOLTANIEH. "3D data sourcing for land and property information: a geometric and semantic perspective." (2013). Land Registration for the Twenty-first Century: A Conveyancing Revolution, Law Commission Report No 271 (9 July 2001). Jazayeri, Ida, Abbas Rajabifard, and S. A. E. I. D. KALANTARI SOLTANIEH. "3D data sourcing for land and property information: a geometric and semantic perspective." (2013). Jazayeri, Ida, Abbas Rajabifard, and S. A. E. I. D. KALANTARI SOLTANIEH. "3D data sourcing for land and property information: a geometric and semantic perspective." (2013). Land Registration for the Twenty-first Century: A Conveyancing Revolution, Law Commission Report No 271 (9 July 2001). Carruthers P, Tangled Web Indeed: The English Land Registration Act and Comparisons with the Australian Torrens System, (A UNSWLJ38 2015). Carruthers P, Tangled Web Indeed: The English Land Registration Act and Comparisons with the Australian Torrens System, (A UNSWLJ38 2015). Carruthers P, Tangled Web Indeed: The English Land Registration Act and Comparisons with the Australian Torrens System, (A UNSWLJ38 2015). Carruthers P, Tangled Web Indeed: The English Land Registration Act and Comparisons with the Australian Torrens System, (A UNSWLJ38 2015). Land Registry report,Land Registration for the Twenty-first Century(2001). Land Registry report,Land Registration for the Twenty-first Century(2001). Fitzwilliam v RichallHoldingsServices Ltd Swift 1st Ltd v Chief Land Registrar[2014] All ER (D) 12 (Feb) Strand Securities Ltd -v- Caswell; CA 2 Feb 1965. Land Registry report,Land Registration for the Twenty-first Century(2001). Haldrup, Karin, and Erik Stubkjr. "Indicator scarcity on cadastre and land registration in cross-country information sources."Land Use Policy30.1 (2013): 652-664. Haldrup, Karin, and Erik Stubkjr. "Indicator scarcity on cadastre and land registration in cross-country information sources."Land Use Policy30.1 (2013): 652-664. Strand Securities Ltd -v- Caswell; CA 2 Feb 1965. Jazayeri, Ida, Abbas Rajabifard, and S. A. E. I. D. KALANTARI SOLTANIEH. "3D data sourcing for land and property information: a geometric and semantic perspective." (2013). Marshall v. Green, No. 3:2010cv00224 Jazayeri, Ida, Abbas Rajabifard, and S. A. E. I. D. KALANTARI SOLTANIEH. "3D data sourcing for land and property information: a geometric and semantic perspective." (2013). Bhandar, Brenna. "by Registration: Instituting Modern Property Law and Creating Racial Value in the Settler Colony."Journal of Law and Society42.2 (2015): 253-282. Bhandar, Brenna. "by Registration: Instituting Modern Property Law and Creating Racial Value in the Settler Colony."Journal of Law and Society42.2 (2015): 253-282. Agunbiade, M. E., A. Rajabifard, and R. Bennett. "Inter-agency land administration in Australia: what scope for integrating policies, processes and data infrastructures for housing production?."Journal of Spatial Science59.1 (2014): 121-136. Agunbiade, M. E., A. Rajabifard, and R. Bennett. "Inter-agency land administration in Australia: what scope for integrating policies, processes and data infrastructures for housing production?."Journal of Spatial Science59.1 (2014): 121-136.

Dehydration and Gas Chromatography of Methylcyclohexanols Essay Example

Dehydration and Gas Chromatography of Methylcyclohexanols Essay The experimental confirmation of the Evelyn Effect was performed in this report. This effect, first described by David Todd of Pomona College in 1994, describes the formation of 1-methylcyclohexene and 3-Methylcyclohexene (structures shown below) derived from the dehydration and distillation of a mixture of cis-2-methylcyclohexanol and trans-2-methylcyclohexanol (structures shown below) when reacted with phosphoric acid.Figure 1. Stereochemical Structures of Methylcyclohexanols.This reaction was carried out according to the following mechanisms.Figure 2. Reaction Mechanism of Dehydration of cis/trans-2-methcylohexanol Mixture.Procedure150 mmol (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 18.419 g) of 2-methylcyclohexanol (cis trans mixture) was placed into a 50 mL round bottom flask. Mixed in this flask was 5 mL of 85% phosphoric acid, 3 drops of sulfuric acid (to quicken reaction), and a few acid resistant boiling chips. A simple apparatus for distillation was assembled and two 10 mL graduated cylinders were use d to collect the distillate.The contents of the 50 mL round bottom flask were gently brought to a boil and the temperature of the vapor was approximately 115 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C. The rate of heating/boiling was controlled so that the rate of collection in the first 10 mL graduated cylinder was approximately 1 drop per second. When the contents of the distillate in the 10 mL graduated cylinder reached approximately 8 mL in volume the first 10 mL graduated cylinder was removed and a second clean 10 mL graduated cylinder was put in its place to collect an addition 6 mL of distillate.The first distillate product was the transferred to a clean seperatory funnel and washed with 5 mL of saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate. The aqueous layer was drained off and the organic distillate product was washed with 5 mL of saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate for a second time. The aqueous layer was then drained off and the organic distillate layer was collected and saved for gas chromatographic analysi s. This procedure was repeated for the second distillate sample.A small portion of magnesium sulfate was then added to each organic distillate sample in order to remove any remaining water in the sample. The mixtures of organic distillate and magnesium sulfate were then filtered through gravity filtration to remove the magnesium sulfate from the organic distillate.Gas chromatographic analysis was then performed individually on each organic distillate sample in order to obtain a distinct gas chromatogram for each sample.DataTable 1. Experimental Calculations and Data.Sample Weight DataMolecular Mass of 2-methyl-cyclohexanolReagent Volume Use CalculationFigure 3. Organic Distillate Gas Chromatograms*.Organic Distillate Sample 1Organic Distillate Sample 2*Arrow indicates 1-methylcyclohexene calculated from standard gas chromatograph of pure 1-methylcyclohexene with retention time of 2.6 minutes.Table 2. Organic Distillate Gas Chromatograph Calculations.Organic Distillate Sample 1 Area and Retention Time CalculationsOrganic Distillate Sample 1 Total Area% Composition of Constituents in Organic Distillate Sample 1Organic Distillate Sample 2 Area and Retention Time CalculationsOrganic Distillate Sample 2 Total Area% Composition of Constituents in Organic Distillate Sample 2Table 3. Automatic Gas Chromatograph Data.Gas Chromatograph Model Number350ColumnCarbowax 8 x .25Cover GasHelium (He)Set Temperature50 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½CColumn Temperature50 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½CDetector TypeTCDDetector Temperature100 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½CFlowrateà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 40 mL/minInjection Volume4 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½LTable 4. Physical and Chemical Properties of Reagents.M.W.B.P.d12-methylcyclohexanola114.2 amu166 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C0.9301-methylcyclohexene96.2 amu110 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C0.8133-methylcyclohexene96.2 amu104 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C0.801Phosphoric acid (85%)98.0 amu1.70ResultsThe results and experimental calculations seem to correlate directly to the confirmation of the existence of the Evelyn Effect. This is evident as the forma tion of 1-methycyclohexene decreased from sample one to sample two at a rate of 19.7225% while the formation of the products increased from sample one to sample two at a rate of 19.7225%.DiscussionThe Evelyn Effect, as predicted by David Todd in 1994, appears to be supported by the evidence accumulated in this experiment (see results section). The dehydration of the mixture of cis/trans-2-methylcyclohexanol isomers forms two direct products along with water as a byproduct of the removal of the hydroxyl group from the 2-carbon position of cis/trans-2-methylcyclohexanol. As the reaction proceeds cis-2-methylcyclohexanol reacts first with phosphoric acid to form 1-methylcyclohexene in greater quantity than the byproducts of the reaction of the trans isomer of 2-methylcyclohexanol. This conclusion is confirmed by the indication in the gas chromatogram of a higher percent composition of the 1-methylcyclohexene than 3-methylcyclohexene (55%;35%). In the gas chromatogram of sample two 3-me thcyclohexene is in higher concentration (44%;64%). This seems to infer that trans-2-methylcyclohexanol reacts slower than the cis isomer of the same molecule. All of this information directly points to the existence of the Evelyn Effect.Error was a substantial issue during the calculations of the areas of the different compound spikes as shown on the gas chromatogram. The unlabeled compound spike in the chromatogram of organic distillate two has a peak but very little downward slope is shown. This lack of slope caused significant error in calculating the exact area underneath of the spike in which to obtain measurements for use in the calculation of spike area.Even accounting for this error, however, it seems unlikely that this jeopardized the validity of the experimental results. While the product yields were significantly lower than those predicted by Todd the results were significant enough in order to see the appearance of the Evelyn Effect.Furthermore examining the physical/ch emical properties of both 1-methylcyclohexene and 3-methylcyclohexene it is apparent that 1-methylcyclohexene is slightly more stable than 3-methylcyclohexene. This property can be deduced by examining the boiling points of the two isomers. The boiling point of 1-methylcyclohexene is 110 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C while the boiling point of 3-methylcyclohexene is slightly lower at 104 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C. The slightly larger amount of heat energy required to boil 1-methcycyclohexene (6 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C) than 3-methylcyclohexene shows that the latter is slightly more stable. In this context it becomes apparent that 3-methylcyclohexene is more apt to convert to 1-methylcyclohexene; the more stable of the two isomers.

The Chaco Road System - Southwestern Americas Ancient Roads

The Chaco Road System - Southwestern America's Ancient Roads One of the most fascinating and intriguing aspects of Chaco Canyon is the Chaco Road, a system of roads radiating out from many Anasazi  Great House sites such as Pueblo Bonito, Chetro Ketl and Una Vida, and leading towards small outlier sites and natural features within and beyond the canyon limits. Through satellite images and ground investigations, archaeologists have detected at least eight main roads that together run for more than 180 miles (ca 300 kilometers), and are more than 30 feet (10 meters) wide. These were excavated into a smooth leveled surface in the bedrock or created through the removal of vegetation and soil. The Ancestral Puebloan (Anasazi) residents of Chaco Canyon cut large ramps and stairways into the cliff rock to connect the roadways on the ridgetops of the canyon to the sites on the valley bottoms. The largest roads, constructed at the same time as many of the Great Houses  (Pueblo II phase between AD 1000 and 1125), are: the Great North Road, the South Road, the Coyote Canyon Road, the Chacra Face Road, Ahshislepah Road, Mexican Springs Road, the West Road and the shorter Pintado-Chaco Road. Simple structures like berms and walls are found sometimes aligned along the courses of the roads. Also, some tracts of the roads lead to natural features such as springs, lakes, mountain tops and pinnacles. The Great North Road The longest and most famous of these roads is the Great North Road. The Great North Road originates from different routes close to Pueblo Bonito and Chetro Ketl. These roads converge at Pueblo Alto and from there lead north beyond the Canyon limits. There are no communities along the roads course, apart from small, isolated structures. The Great North Road does not connect Chacoan communities to other major centers outside the canyon. Also, material evidence of trade along the road is scarce. From a purely functional perspective, the road seems to go nowhere. Purposes of the Chaco Road Archaeological interpretations of the Chaco road system are divided between an economic purpose and a symbolic, ideological role linked to ancestral Puebloan beliefs. The system was first discovered at the end of the 19th century, and first excavated and studied in the 1970s. Archaeologists suggested that the roads main purpose was to transport local and exotic goods inside and outside the canyon. Someone also suggested that these large roads were used to quickly move an army from the canyon to the outlier communities, a purpose similar to the road systems known for the Roman empire. This last scenario has long been discarded because of the lack of any evidence of a permanent army. The economic purpose of the Chaco road system is shown by the presence of luxury items at Pueblo Bonito and elsewhere in the canyon. Items such as macaws, turquoise, marine shells, and imported vessels prove the long distance commercial relations Chaco had with other regions. A further suggestion is that the widespread use of timber in Chacoan constructionsa resource not locally availableneeded a large and easy transportation system. Chaco Road Religious Significance Other archaeologists think instead that the main purpose of the road system was a religious one, providing pathways for periodic pilgrimages and facilitating regional gatherings for seasonal ceremonies. Furthermore, considering that some of these roads seem to go nowhere, experts suggest that they can be linkedespecially the Great North Roadto astronomical observations, solstice marking, and agricultural cycles. This religious explanation is supported by modern Pueblo beliefs about a North Road leading to their place of origin and along which the spirits of the dead travel. According to modern pueblo people, this road represents the connection to the shipapu, the place of emergence of the ancestors. During their journey from the shipapu to the world of the living, the spirits stop along the road and eat the food left for them by the living. What Archaeology tells us About the Chaco Road Astronomy certainly played an important role in Chaco culture, as it is visible in the north-south axis alignment of many ceremonial structures. The main buildings at Pueblo Bonito, for example, are arranged according to this direction and probably served as central places for ceremonial journeys across the landscape. Sparse concentrations of ceramic fragments along the North Road have been related to some sort of ritual activities carried out along the roadway. Isolated structures located on the roadsides as well as on top of the canyon cliffs and ridge crests have been interpreted as shrines related to these activities. Finally, features such as long linear grooves were cut into the bedrock along certain roads which dont seem to point to a specific direction. It has been proposed that these were part of pilgrimage paths followed during ritual ceremonies. Archaeologists agree that the purpose of this road system may have changed through time and that the Chaco Road system probably functioned for both economic and ideological reasons. Its significance for archaeology lies in the possibility to understand the rich and sophisticated cultural expression of ancestral Puebloan societies. Sources This article is a part of the About.com guide to the Anasazi (Ancestral Puebloan) Culture, and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Cordell, Linda 1997 The Archaeology of the Southwest. Second Edition. Academic Press Soafer Anna, Michael P. Marshall and Rolf M. Sinclair 1989 The great North Road: a cosmographic expression of the Chaco culture of New Mexico. In World Archaeoastronomy, edited by Anthony Aveni, Oxford University Press. pp: 365-376 Vivian, R. Gwinn and Bruce Hilpert 2002 The Chaco Handbook. An Encyclopedic Guide. The University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.

Mitigation Strategies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mitigation Strategies - Assignment Example The levees broke, leading to flooding 80 percent of the city. If levees continue to be used, Hurricane Katrina or an equivalent can reoccur. Thus, after each reoccurrence the levees network will have to be rebuilt. This will result to waste of resources and will inconvenience the people by displacing them or even causing deaths (Kapucu et al. 2013). In addition, the hurricane slayed about 1,500 inhabitants along the U.S. Gulf Coast and caused huge damage, making it the most expensive natural disaster. The continued use of levees will mean people to continue dying as a result of this catastrophe yet it can be avoided by use of a different and a better mechanism to counter this calamity. As Hurricane Katrina established, that the risks of inundation and flooding never can be completely eliminated by protective structures. Substantial dangers of living in flood susceptible to areas were not ever visibly communicated to people before Hurricane Katrina, it stated, and simply the reconstruction of New Orleans and its tempest protection system back to pre-Katrina heights would leave the city susceptible to another flooding catastrophe (Baltimore, 2009). Moreover, the first floor of buildings in flood susceptible parts of the city should be elevated at least to the 100 year flood level, which the report named a "crucial flood insurance standard." But for deeply populated metropolises like New Orleans, that standard is insufficient, said the report, part of a 5 part study by the conservatories in the event of Katrina (Baltimore, 2009). Furthermore, the 100 year standard essentially specifies protection based on the supposed worst damage of the foulest flood in the last 100 years. It regulates insurance tariffs for the National Flood Insurance Program controlled by the federal government. However, structures in New Orleans most flood susceptible areas have a 26%

Art in the Age of Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Art in the Age of Revolution - Essay Example lieving in this idea, the Realists recorded in often resolute aspects of the current day survival of modest people that paralleled with the associated movements in the naturalist literature of Emile Zola, Honore de Balzac, and Gustave Flaubert. The assessment of the working class into the area of high art and literature overlapped with the socialist philosophies of Pierre Proudhon and Karl Marx’s Communist Manifesto, which were published in the year 1848 and led to an urge of manual revolution (Nineteenth-Century French Realism, 2012). Gustave Courbet was a great French painter and he developed the term Realism in art to sum up a fashion of painting that emerged in France after the 1848 Revolution. The painters and sculptors who followed Realism wanted to express neither magnificence nor attractiveness. Rather it was all ordinariness that they were focused into. Artists of the time completely surveyed the limits of this artistic concept. Popular artists like Auguste Rodin succ eeded in initiating this heroicism in their works. The mid nineteenth century school of French Realism was an introduction for numerous other movements of the modern art related to Realism that appeared later in the twentieth century. Social Realism was also included in these movements (Artists of the Realism School (c. 1840-1900), n.d.). Socialist Realism in Modern Art: In the field of modern art, the concept of Social Realism is conventionally linked with interwar American art. It provided remarks on social, economic, and political conditions that existed during an era of Depression. There were two movements of modern art that could be associated with a left-wing character. These were the American Social Realism and Soviet-inspired Socialist Realism. There had been significant events that... From the above study, it can be very well concluded that during the mid nineteenth century, French artists had significantly given rise to the revolution involving Realism in their art and avoided Romanticism. The main purpose of this plan was to bring out the lives of the common people of their times in the representations and portrayals of the arts and paintings as well as literature. This can be considered to have an association with the social aspect of lives as well since the depictions would communicate some message or the other in regard to the human lives and their society. This author talks that Realism is a form of presenting the work of art in which different issues are portrayed in as simple a way as feasible, exclusive of romanticizing them and without any rules of formal artistic theory being followed. This paper makes a conclusion that the label of Socialist was not much obtained in the movement and Realism was considered more suitable to the movement and the acts of the artists as represented through their works. Thus, as far as the movement is concerned it can be said that the French Art in the mid nineteenth century had taken significant measures towards their society trying to focus and represent their conditions through their paintings and creations but the label of socialist might not been involved or attached to realism to great extents in this regard, although their works did have socialist message for the world.

The aim of this investigation Essay Example for Free

The aim of this investigation Essay I am given an investigation which I have to plan myself; it is about an unknown organic compound that is either an alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, ester or phenol. I have to suggest a series of simple chemical tests, which could be done in test tubes, to distinguish the functional group of this organic compound. I am going to be observing any change of colour, formation of precipitate or the evolution of gas when adding certain chemicals to this compound. The aim of this investigation is to find the functional group by carrying out simple chemical tests and, later, identify the organic compound by using the spectra. Chemicals and Apparatus   10   test tubes   measuring cylinder (5 cm3)   pipette Bunsen burner   Splint   Gas syringe   Unknown organic compound   Bradys reagent   Bromine water Sodium metal Tollens reagent   Calcium Carbonate   Limewater Safety Plan Read the method carefully and understand it before attempting on carrying out any experiment. Have some knowledge of the chemicals to be used to minimise hazards in the procedure. Wear gloves, goggles and a lab coat at all times during the experiment to prevent accidents to one and to fellow pupils. Method Test 1. A Set up the apparatus carefully.   Measure 3 cm3 of the unknown compound into a small measuring cylinder.   Pour this into a test tube.   Add 3-6 drops of Bradys reagent (a solution of 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine in dilute acid) to the test tube.   If yellow/ orange crystals start to appear, then the test has shown a positive result and..   The unknown is proved to be either an aldehyde or a ketone. Move on to Test 1. B   If no reaction happened, then the test has shown a negative result. So skip to Test 2. A. Test 1. B. To distinguish the carbonyl compound, measure 3 cm3 of the carbonyl compound in a measuring cylinder.   Pour this into a new test tube   Add 3-6 drops of Tollens reagent (a solution of silver nitrate in aqueous ammonia) to the test tube.   If a silver mirror forms around the inside of the test tube, the compound is proved to be an aldehyde. However if no reaction occurs, it is a ketone. Test 2. A   Measure 3 cm3 of the unknown into a measuring cylinder.   Pour this into new a test tube.   Throw a pinch of Sodium metal to the unknown. If gas is liberated, quickly light a splint and place it over the test tube. If you hear a popping sound, this confirms that the gas is in fact Hydrogen and the unknown compound is either a phenol, alcohol or a carboxylic acid. Move on to Test 2. B.   If no reaction occurs then the unknown is an ester which should also give a sweet smell. Test 2. B Measure 3 cm3 of the unknown into a measuring cylinder.   Pour this into new a test tube.   Add 6-10 drops of Bromine water to the test tube. * If Bromine is decolourised (from orange to clear) and a white precipitate forms then this confirms that the unknown is actually a phenol. If no precipitate forms then the unknown is either an alcohol or a carboxylic acid. So move on to Test 2. C. Test 2. C   Measure 3 cm3 of the unknown into a measuring cylinder. Pour this into new a test tube. Throw a pinch of Calcium Carbonate to the unknown   If a gas is liberated, shut the tube with a cork that has a hole in it and is connected to a tube and a gas syringe.   The gas should collect in the gas syringe. When gas stops evolving, bubble the gas into 5 cm3 of limewater.   If the limewater goes milky in colour, this proves that the gas is Carbon Dioxide and that the unknown is a carboxylic acid. If no reaction occurs, then the unknown is confirmed to be an alcohol. Fair test Doing a fair test is completely essential for achieving accurate and reliable results which would take a large part in the conclusion at the end, and also for avoiding errors and anomalous results. I will make sure that this happens by many ways, by choosing: 1. Relevant and accurate equipment with very small percentage errors. 2. Washing and drying up the equipment thoroughly after each experiment ensuring that they are contamination-free. 3. Taking measurements carefully as specified by the method. 4. keeping a straight line of sight when reading measurements of solution in the measuring cylinder 5. Always read the bottom of the meniscus of any solution when taking measurements. Bibliography For this investigation, I mainly used the yahoo search engine from the internet as my primary source of information e. g. Bradys reagent; with addition to a variety of books, where I looked up various reactions of compounds. The rest of this investigation is done using my knowledge and understanding of this subject.

Hurricane Wilma :: essays research papers

Damage Hurricane Wilma is the most intense hurricane ever recorded in the Atlantic Basin. The atmospheric pressure was 882 millibars on Wednesday, Oct.19 making it a category 5. Wilma was the 21st storm of the 2005 hurricane season. On Tuesday, Oct.18 the hurricane was a Category 1 hurricane. Hurricane Wilma came just a week after Hurricane Stan, affecting some of the same countries. By Friday, Hurricane Wilma had caused at least 11 deaths in Haiti and Jamaica. Mudslides were becoming a real threat, prompting evacuations in Central America, The Caribbean, and as far as the United States. Hurricane Wilma pounded the western tip of Cuba (figure 3), where the government had to evacuate more than 500,000 people, including 7,000 people from the coastal fishing village of La Coloma. At least one hurricane shelter in downtown Cancun had to evacuate. There were about 1,000 people that had to be moved during the night because the ceiling threatened to collapse. Hurricane Wilma then headed up toward the United States, aiming tworad Collier, Florida. It cost more than 6 billion dollars in damages [1 billion dollars was recorded in Collier, Florida] in Southwest Florida, making it the most damaging natural disaster in 45 years in Florida. Recovery The American Red Cross gave 4,500 hygiene kits to the Mexican Red Cross, and 2,000 hygiene kits to the Bahamas Red Cross Society. These kits include toothpaste, toothbrushes, soap, shampoo and other items. The kits are being sent from relief supplies that were already in Panama. Three months after Hurricane Wilma made landfall, over 300 million dollars had been approved for Florida residents who suffered damages from the disaster.

Research Proposal Sample on Vodafone Uk Customer Satisfaction

In the business industry, it is important to gather customer to make the product and services sold. Therefore, keeping a customer is difficult in the business when it is in the starting stage. A business will find it harder to find prospective and loyal customer when operating abroad. And because of the economic problem that many countries are facing now, another challenge was revived; how to keep the customer? The Customer Satisfaction The customer satisfaction is a business term that measures how products and services supplied by a company meet or surpass customer expectation. It is seen as a key performance indicator within business. In a competitive marketplace where businesses compete for customers, customer satisfaction is seen as a key differentiator and increasingly has become a key element of business strategy1. Every business’s mission is making the customers as their first priority. In accordance to this, the business must fill or serve the satisfaction of their customers according to what preferences that the market is demanding for. For an instance, if the business is in the food industry and the customers’ wants different variations of soup then, the management must look forward to create sumptuous dishes. Some business use different approach in leading their customers in the satisfactory stage like making special for their valued customer or raffle promo or making a sale for some products, anything that will catch the customers’ attention and at the end bringing the profit and customers’ trusts. The business literally promotes their product with the use of their customer because if one customer felt great to their product or enjoyed the service, he/she will make it on the broadcast among with their friends. The value of customers in the business is very high thus; the business needs to find impressions to keep them coming back to their establishment. In the case of finding such market in the other country, is like finding a needle in a vast gassy meadow. It is hard when the business is new to the eye of the customers. It is hard when the business is not prepared in approaching the customers well. It is hard when the business has many competitors in the area. The need for adjustment is highly acceptable. And because of these issues that surround the business industry, the proper guidance is highly appreciated. The Vodafone case can be a basis in catching the customer’s interest. The Vodafone Vodafone UK has more than 17 million customers and is part of the world’s largest mobile community. Vodafone’s leadership in mobile voice and data communications has continued, thanks largely to its focus on developing its brand and customer experience2. In this big company, reaching the respect of the customers is not new to them. Most especially, the Vodafone is a technology-based business and the impact of acceptance is expectedly high. But even a good business like Vodafone still needs to assess their customers and answer every question of their customer. They also consider many opinions and suggestion coming from their customers so that, the evidence in the growing customer acceptance make their gross reach the highest every year. However, the challenge is still there in every kind of business. Customer’s Challenge Vodafone is constantly looking for new ways to drive interaction and enhance the service that we offer to our customers, while at the same time making the life of our people simpler and more rewarding. However, Vodafone recognized that it was not differentiating the needs of its in-store customers or allocating store employees according to their areas of expertise. This meant waiting times could be lengthy and the level of service provided varied on the store employee’s area of expertise. So, Vodafone introduced a re-branding program aimed at improving the customer journey in store, as well as differentiating Vodafone from its competitors. Based on the macro planning principles of â€Å"Organize me, Engage me†, the key components of the refit included greater automation in-store, the option for self-service through kiosks, and footfall counters to track the volume of customers in-store and optimize the customer flow. Benefits to the Customer †¢ Improve the customer experience – customers now have more time to browse the store and choose how to purchase, so everyone benefits from faster and more efficient service, in a more relaxed atmosphere. This has led to a considerable uplift in customer satisfaction. Increase performance – optimized stores outperform other stores. Average contract volumes have increased with average upgrade volumes also increasing. †¢ Minimize business disruption – systems availability is enhanced, with a substantial reduction in support calls and improvement in first time fixes, increasing sales opportunities †¢ Maximize profit margins – self-serv ice significantly reduces the cost of sale especially amongst core pre-pay customers †¢ Enhance productivity – automation of commodity purchases enables faster transaction times and frees up resources to help other customers. The number of customers leaving stores without seeing an advisor is also declining †¢ Reduce support costs – tailoring services and removing duplicate effort and resources has cut costs, while increasing the overall level of support †¢ Optimize resource deployment – increased management information, such as customer numbers, waiting times and sales conversion figures, is helping to track and measure the customer experience in-store and enable staffing roles to be prepared to reflect store and customer requirements. The Business Case for Measuring Impacts The nature of multinational business is complex, shaped by globalization and rapid socio-economic and political change. Sustainability issues are increasingly contributing to this complexity, not least climate change, resource constraints, endemic poverty and ecosystem degradation. Committing to create a more sustainable and inclusive form of globalization and the following are the key objectives3: †¢ Develop a deeper understanding of how global issues such as poverty, the environment, demographic change and globalization affect individual companies and sectors; †¢ Use the understanding of these issues to search for more inclusive business solutions that help to address the issues at both a local and global scale; †¢ Align core business strategies with the solutions identified; †¢ Incorporate long-term measures into the definition of success, targeting profitability that is sustainable and supported by a responsible record in managing social, environmental and employment matters. The Business in Developing Countries Companies recognize the risks and opportunities their operations face in developing countries and the important role they play in influencing change. They rely on transparent legal systems, access to markets and infrastructure services, social stability, healthy and skilled employees and suppliers, as well as consumers willing and able to purchase their products and services. While these conditions are critical for business growth and success, the benefits resulting from the presence of multinational business and the associated in-flows of capital may not reach all sectors of society. The consequence can be a thriving middle and upper class while the low-income segment gets left behind. This can lead to strained relations between business and the communities associated with their activities, increased scrutiny from civil society organizations and greater levels of political pressure from local and national governments, all of which can increase commercial risks for investors3. Conclusion The importance of customer in one business can affect the operation of a multinational company most especially in the developing countries. The success of a multinational company can make an additional growth in their own economy. Getting the heart of the customers are essential to keep the business moving. Although there are many factors that can affect a business that is new in the face of the foreign country, the main strategy that the study can add is to look for a customer that has a same nationality of the business. For example, the American business is new to Japan, therefore, the business should target their very own race first before entering the Japanese culture and became part of their life.References:1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gitman, L; & McDaniel, C., (2005). The Future of Business: The Essentials. Mason, Ohio: South-Western. ISBN 0324320280. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Vodafone Case in Customer Satisfaction (n.d.). [Online] Available at: http://www.fujitsu.com/uk/casestudies/fs _vodafone-customersatisfaction.html [Accessed 14 Aug 2009].3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Impact: Beyond the Bottom Line (2008). WBCBD. [Online] Available at: http://www.wbcsd.org/web/projects/sl/MIbeyondthebottomline.pdf [Accessed 14 Aug 2009]. Read more: http://ivythesis.typepad.com/term_paper_topics/2009/08/research-proposal-sample-on-vodafone-uk-customer-satisfaction.html#ixzz1Es0Qh2Bk

Does Every Mother Love Her Child - 3307 Words

Does Every Mother Love Her Child? Child Birth can most definitely be a life-altering event that many women will experience at one point or another during their lifetime. The occasion is often described by many as a beautiful, joyful, awe inspiring process. Usually, most women are overjoyed at the news of their pregnancy. They often impatiently await the conclusion of their nine- month gestation in order to meet their new â€Å"bundle of joy† however; the arrival of a baby is not always a happy event for many mothers. Society typically paints a glorious picture of new motherhood where the mother instantly experiences a connecting bond with their child however, realistically, not every mother immediately makes this connection with their baby at†¦show more content†¦Some mothers fall into a period of depression, self-doubt, fear and many other conflicting emotions opposed by what society expects a new mother should feel. These emotions can become severe enough and may impede the new mother’s abili ty to connect with her newborn, care for the baby and/or herself overall creating a psychological, personal and social disturbance to the point where the mother becomes overwhelmed. This alteration to her life would cause an emotional deterioration to the point where she may become capable of harming herself or her baby. This reaction in new mothers is now known as postpartum depression. Upon experiencing this initial disconnect from their child, many mothers feel an intense sense of loneliness, guilt and shame when she fails to embrace the universal ideology that it is the design of nature for her to enthusiastically anticipate motherhood. Now that a lot more information is available about postpartum depression, many avenues are currently being utilized to bring awareness to this growing problem and support is emerging from some unexpected forums to let struggling mothers know that they are not alone. â€Å"This growing attention toward PPD’s potential severity has also resulted in the creation of social policy in Twenty-nine countries. In the United States, The Mom’s Opportunity To Access Help, Education, Research, and Support for Postpartum Depression (MOTHERS) and the Melanie Stokes Acts, legislation